Essential Elements of Public Speaking [RENTAL EDITION]

Front Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Brief Contents
Contents
Specialized Table of Contents
Welcome to Essential Elements of Public Speaking
Part One Fundamentals of Public Speaking
	1 Introducing Public Speaking
		The Benefits of Studying Public Speaking
			Public Speaking Abilities
			Personal and Social Competencies
			Academic and Career Skills
			Deriving the Most Benefits from Your Study of Public Speaking
		The Essential Elements of Public Speaking
			Speaker
			Audiences
			Messages and Channels
			Noise
			Contexts
			Ethics
		Managing Communication Apprehension
			The Nature of Communication Apprehension
			Reduce the Causes of Apprehension
			Restructure Your Thinking
			Practice Performance Visualization
			Desensitize Yourself
		Preparing and Presenting a Speech: The 10 Steps in Brief
			Step 1: Select Your Topic, Purposes, and Thesis
			Step 2: Analyze Your Audience
			Step 3: Research Your Topic
			Step 4: Collect Supporting Materials
			Step 5: Develop Your Main Points
			Step 6: Organize Your Speech Materials
			Step 7: Construct Your Introduction, Conclusion, and Transitions
			Step 8: Word Your Speech
			Step 9: Rehearse Your Speech
			Step 10: Present Your Speech
		The Speech of Self-Introduction
			Guidelines for the Speech of Self-Introduction
			A Sample Speech of Self-Introduction
		Summary: Introducing Public Speaking
		Key Terms: Introducing Public Speaking
		Public Speaking Exercises
	2 Listening and Criticism
		Listening in Public Speaking
			Receiving
			Understanding
			Remembering
			Evaluating
			Responding
		Guidelines for Listening
			Listen Actively
			Listen Politely
			Listen for Total Meaning
			Listen with Empathy
			Listen with an Open Mind
			Listen Critically
			Listen Ethically
		Critical Evaluation in Public Speaking
			Giving Criticism
			Responding to Criticism
		Listening, Criticism, and Culture
			Listening and Culture
			Criticism and Culture
		Summary: Listening and Criticism
		Key Terms: Listening and Criticism
		Public Speaking Exercises
Part Two Preparing and Presenting Public Speeches
	3 Select Your Topic, Purposes, and Thesis (Step 1)
		Your Topic
			Finding Topics
			Limiting Topics
		Your Purposes
			General Purpose
			Specific Purpose
		Your Thesis
			The Nature of the Public Speaking Thesis
			Differences Between Theses and Purposes
			Wording and Using Your Thesis
		Summary: Select Your Topic, Purposes, and Thesis (Step 1)
		Key Terms: Select Your Topic, Purposes, and Thesis (Step 1)
		Public Speaking Exercises
	4 Analyze Your Audience (Step 2)
		Some Universals of Audiences
			All Audiences Are Unique
			All Audiences Are Diverse
			All Audiences Seek Profit of Some Kind
			All Audiences Have Time Limitations
			All Audiences Want Engagement/Involvement/Participation
			All Audiences Are Receptive (To Some Extent)
		Learning About Your Audience
			Observe
			Collect Data Systematically
			Interview Members of Your Audience
			Use Inference and Empathy
		Audience Sociology and Adaptation
			Age
			Gender
			Affectional Orientation
			Educational Levels
			Religion and Religiousness
			Cultural Factors
			Other Audience Factors
			Context Characteristics
		Audience Psychology and Adaptation
			How Willing Is Your Audience
			How Favorable Is Your Audience
			How Knowledgeable Is Your Audience
		Analyzing and Adapting During the Speech
			Focus on Listeners as Message Senders
			Use Answers to Your “What If” Questions
			Address Audience Responses Directly
		Summary: Analyze Your Audience (Step 2)
		Key Terms: Analyze Your Audience (Step 2)
		Public Speaking Exercises
	5 Research Your Speech (Step 3)
		Reasons for Research and Types of Research
			Reasons for Research
			Types of Research Material
		Sources of Information
			Libraries
			The Web
			General Reference Works
			Scholarly and Popular Journals
			The Government
		Evaluating Information
			Fairness
			Accuracy
			Currency
			Qualifications
			Sufficiency
		Integrating and Citing Research
			Cite the Sources in Your Speech
			Integrate the Citation Smoothly
			Include Written Citations in Your Outline
		Plagiarism
			Types of Plagiarism—And When It’s Not Plagiarism
			Why Plagiarism Is Unacceptable
			Avoiding Plagiarism: Four Guides
		Summary: Research Your Speech (Step 3)
		Key Terms: Research Your Speech (Step 3)
		Public Speaking Exercises
	6 Collect Supporting Materials (Step 4)
		Examples, Illustrations, and Narratives
			Types of Examples, Illustrations, and Narratives
			Guidelines for Using Examples, Illustrations, and Narratives
		Analogies
			Types of Analogies
			Guidelines in Using Analogies
		Definitions
			Types of Definitions
			Guidelines in Using Definitions
		Testimony
			Types of Testimony
			Interviews
			Guidelines in Using Testimony
		Numerical Data
			Types of Numerical Data
			Guidelines for Using Numerical Data
		Additional Forms of Support
			Quotations
			Comparison and Contrast
			Simple Statement of Facts or Series of Facts
			Repetition and Restatement
		Summary: Collect Supporting Materials (Step 4)
		Key Terms: Collect Supporting Materials (Step 4)
		Public Speaking Exercises
	7 Using Presentation Aids (Step 4)
		The Importance of Presentation Aids
			Presentation Aids Help You Gain Attention and Maintain Interest
			Presentation Aids Add Clarity
			Presentation Aids Reinforce Your Message
			Presentation Aids Contribute to Credibility and Confidence
			Presentation Aids Help Reduce Apprehension
			Presentation Aids Can Offer Evidence
		Types of Presentation Aids
			Static Presentation Aids
			Dynamic Presentation Aids
		Computer-Assisted Presentation Aids
		Guidelines for Effective Presentation Aids
			Guidelines for Researching and Planning Presentation Aids
			Guidelines for Delivering Your Speech with Presentation Aids
		Summary: Using Presentation Aids (Step 4)
		Key Terms: Using Presentation Aids (Step 4)
		Public Speaking Exercises
	8 Organize Your Speech (Steps 5, 6, and 7)
		Develop Your Main Points (Step 5)
			Select Your Main Points
			Limit the Number of Main Points
			Focus on Your Audience
			Word Your Main Points
		Organize Your Main Points (Step 6)
			Time Pattern
			Spatial Pattern
			Topical Pattern
			Problem–Solution Pattern
			Cause–Effect/Effect–Cause Pattern
			Structure–Function Pattern
			Comparison and Contrast Pattern
			Pro-and-Con Pattern
			Claim-and-Proof Pattern
			Multiple-Definition Pattern
			Who? What? Why? Where? When? Pattern
			Fiction–Fact Pattern
		Construct Your Introduction, Conclusion, and Transitions (Step 7)
			Introductions
			Conclusions
			Transitions
		Outline Your Speech
			Constructing the Outline
			Sample Outlines
		Summary: Organize Your Speech (Steps 5, 6, and 7)
		Key terms: Organize Your Speech (Steps 5, 6, and 7)
		Public Speaking Exercises
	9 Word and Rehearse Your Speech (Steps 8 and 9)
		Word Your Speech (Step 8)
			Clarity
			Vividness
			Appropriateness
			Personal Style
			Power
		Construct Your Sentences (Step 8)
		Use Culturally Sensitive Language (Step 8)
			Cultural Sensitivity
			Cultural Identifiers
		Rehearse Your Speech (Step 9)
			Rehearsal Guidelines
			A Long-Term Delivery Improvement Program
		Summary: Word And Rehearse Your Speech (Steps 8 and 9)
		Key Terms: Word and Rehearse Your Speech (Steps 8 and 9)
		Public Speaking Exercises
	10 Present Your Speech (Step 10)
		Present Your Speech (Step 10)
			The Nature of an Effective Presentation
			Methods of Presentation
		Effective Vocal Delivery (Step 10)
			Volume
			Rate
			Pitch
			Pauses
			Articulation
			Pronunciation
		Effective Bodily Action (Step 10)
			General Appearance
			Eye Contact
			Facial Expression
			Posture
			Gestures
			Movement
			Proxemics
			Using Notes
			Handling Questions
		Summary: Present Your Speech (Step 10)
		Key Terms: Present Your Speech (Step 10)
		Public Speaking Exercises
Part Three Types of Speeches
	11 Informing Your Audience
		Principles of Informative Speaking
			Keep Your Goal Always in Mind
			Focus on Your Audience
			Stress Relevance and Usefulness
			Limit the Amount of Information
			Adjust the Level of Complexity
			Make Your Speech Easy to Remember
		Speeches of Description
			Thesis
			Main Points
			Support
			Organization
		Speeches of Definition
			Thesis
			Main Points
			Support
			Organization
		Speeches of Demonstration
			Thesis
			Main Points
			Support
			Organization
		Sample Informative Speeches for Comparison
		Summary: Informing Your Audience
		Key Terms: Informing Your Audience
		Public Speaking Exercises
	12 Persuading Your Audience
		Principles of Persuasive Speaking
			Keep Your Goal Always in Mind
			Be Culturally Sensitive
			Identify with Your Audience
			Secure a Yes Response
			Anticipate Selective Exposure
			Use Positive Labeling
			Ask for Reasonable Levels of Change
			Provide Social Proof
			Follow a Motivated Sequence
		The Three Persuasive Proofs
			Logical Proof (Logos)
			Emotional Proof (Pathos)
			Credibility Proof (Ethos)
		Persuasive Speeches of Fact
		Persuasive Speeches on Questions of Value
		Persuasive Speeches on Questions of Policy
		Sample Persuasive Speeches for Comparison
		Summary: Persuading Your Audience
		Key Terms: Persuading Your Audience
		Public Speaking Exercises
	13 Speaking on Special Occasions
		The Special Occasion Speech
		The Introduction Speech
		The Presentation or Acceptance Speech
		The Speech to Secure Goodwill
		The Dedication Speech
		The Commencement Speech
		The Inspirational Speech
		The Eulogy
		The Farewell Speech
		The Toast
		Summary: Speaking on Special Occasions
		Key Terms: Speaking on Special Occasions
		Public Speaking Exercises
	14 Speaking in Groups
		Small Groups and Teams
			Small Group Stages
			Small Group Formats
			Small Group Culture
			Small Group Types
		Speaking in the Group
			Member Roles
			Membership Skills
			Approaches to Group Leadership
			Leadership Skills
		Speaking for the Group
			General Speaking Guidelines
			Speaking in the Panel Group
			Speaking in the Symposium and Team Presentations
			Presenting Oral and Written Reports
		Summary: Speaking in Groups
		Key Terms: Speaking In Groups
		Public Speaking/Group Exercises
Glossary
References
Index
References 302 Index